PERMANENT COUNCIL
OF THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES OEA/Ser. G CE/GCI-150/99 (Session of January 28, 1999) The following document contains the written version of the four reports which were delivered orally to the Special Committee on Inter-American Summits Management at its session of January 28, 1998. This document was prepared by the Office of Summit Follow-Up. The topics of the presentations were from the Plan of Action of the Second Summit of the Americas and were as follows:
1. Report of the General Secretariat on the Activities of the UPD under the Second Summit of the Americas mandate "Democracy and Human Rights" The Support Program for Legislative Institutions and Processes continued to play a part in boosting cooperative ties between Congresses in member states and between legislative institutions and civil society and academic circles. Assistance was provided in conducting research and in organizing regional seminars and workshops to generate know-how, exchange experience and information on legislative questions, and train specialists in specific areas such as: "Parliamentary Electoral Systems and Democratic Governance" (Andean region and Central America), "Parliamentary Management and Civil Society" (Southern Cone), and "The Role of Mercosur-Member Parliaments in the Areas of Democracy and Integration." Technical assistance was given to projects to design software for inter-parliamentary legislative information networks in the Andean region and Central America which were presented to potential users in seminars organized jointly with the Andean Parliament and the Forum of Presidents of the Legislative Branch of Central America (FOPREL). The Program, with the additional aid of an Inter-American Development Bank grant, also supported the Congress of Guatemala in its efforts to draft legislation to enact the Peace Agreements and implement an Integral Modernization Plan. Similar support was given to the Congress of Ecuador in its work on an Integral Modernization Plan. Such activities led to various publications, including "Congresos y Democracia en los pa�ses de la Regi�n Andina. Deficiencias y Estrategias." Bogot�, Universidad de los Andes,1997; "Parlamento y Democracia: Las Asesor�as Legislativas en Am�rica Latina," Corporaci�n 2000, Chile, 1998; y "El Parlamento y las Principales Decisiones del Sistema Pol�tico Uruguayo," Latin American Center on Human Economics (CLAEH), Uruguay, 1998. The program also contributed to a project entitled "Legislative Leaders of the Americas Network," launched by Inter-American Dialogue. The Networks first meeting was held in November 1998 in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. In reference to the Programa for the Promotion of Democratic Values and Practices, the UPD, the OAS Department of Fellowships, and CIDI continued to provide support to the Inter-University Network of Studies on Democracy, which promotes and supports research and graduate studies in democracy, exchange of professors, and joint publications. The network is composed of the Latin American Institute of Social Doctrine and Studies (ILADES), the Universidad Javeriana, and the Universidad Rafael Land�var. In the Andean Region, the UPD collaborated with the secretary general of the Andean Parliament and the University of Cuenca, Ecuador, to organize a regional training workshop for young women leaders of the Andean region on democratic values and practices. For the Central American region, the UPD cooperated with e Center for Election Advisory Assistance and Promotion of the Inter-American Institute for Human Rights (CAPEL/IIHR) in San Jos�, Costa Rica, for the organization of the Regional Seminar-Training Course for Young Central American Leaders on Democratic Institutions, Values and Practices. Also, in collaboration with the National Institute for Political Training (INCAP), of Buenos Aires, Argentina, the UPD organized the regional training course in democratic values and practices for young leaders in the MERCOSUR countries. The purpose of these courses is to promote a greater understanding of democratic values and practices, a better knowledge of the functioning of democratic institutions and of the techniques of modern politics, as well as closer relations among the young leaders of the member states around the issue of democratic development. The UPD has also worked with Ministries of Education of Central American on a Regional Program on Education for Democracy, to enhance and strengthen the teaching of democratic values, behaviors and attitudes within the formal school system of each participating member state. Activities, so far have included: 1) two technical meetings, 2) a regional survey of the current status of education for democracy programs or efforts currently underway in the each country in the region, 3) assistance in the exchange of information, knowledge and teaching materials on the subject matter among regional education officials and experts, and 4) technical assistance in the drafting a regional plan of action for implementing a long-term regional support program aimed at improving teacher training in education for democracy. As far as the Program of Cooperation in Decentralization, Local Government and Citizen Participation, the UPD carried out in 1998 a series of high level sub-regional meetings. Within sub-regional groups (CARICOM States; Central America and the Dominican Republic; States of the Andean Community and Mercosur), institutions of the member states were able to exchange information and experiences, focus on priority issues of common concern, dialogue effectively, and identify opportunities for technical assistance though horizontal cooperation activities. In 1998, areas analyzed included legal and regulatory frameworks for decentralization and citizen participation; central/local government relations; aspects of social and economic development relating to local governance; capacity and institution-building. The Program facilitated creation of sub-regional networks of technical and resource personnel, and produced five research papers. Program activities also benefited from significant collaboration with regional academic, technical and international institutions. 2. Report of the General Secretariat on the Activities of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights under the Second Summit of the Americas mandate "Migrant Workers" Introduction In its 92nd Special Session, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) decided to undertake a study on the situation of migrant workers and their families throughout the hemisphere with the aim of drafting a report on the matter. The General Assembly of the Organization of American States, in its twenty-eighth regular session in Caracas, Venezuela, urged the IACHR to proceed with such a report. The Santiago Declaration, adopted by the Heads of State and Government attending the Second Summit of the Americas, establishes that "respect for and promotion of human rights and the fundamental freedoms of all individuals is a primary concern of our governments." The Declaration goes on to state that "we will make a special effort to guarantee the human rights of all migrants, including migrant workers and their families" shall be made. In the Plan of Action of the Second Summit of the Americas, the Heads of State and Government agreed to seek, among other things, "full protection of the human rights of all migrants, including migrant workers and their families, and adopt effective measures, including the strengthening of public awareness, to prevent and eradicate violations of human rights and eliminate all forms of discrimination against them, particularly racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance." The Plan of Action also says that states will "support the activities of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights with regard to the protection of the rights of migrant workers and their families, particularly through the Special Rapporteur for Migrant Workers." For the drafting of its report on migrant workers and their families, the IACHR established a Working Group headed by Commissioner Alvaro Tirado Mej�a, Special Rapporteur for Migrant Workers, with Commissioner Jean Joseph Exum� and IACHR Executive Secretariat staff lawyers Pablo Saavedra, Bertha Santoscoy and Relinda Eddie as members. Thus, following the instructions of the OAS General Assembly and the Summit of Heads of State and Government, in 1998 the IACHR carried out various activities that contributed to the elaboration of a report on the situation of migrant workers and their families. Activities Carried Out by the IACHR in 1998 In the course of 1998 the IACHR drafted and sent to OAS member states a questionnaire covering all aspects of the situation facing migrant workers and members of their families in the hemisphere. The purpose of the survey is to provide as complete a view as possible of how migrants are treated in practice and in law in each of the countries in the Hemisphere. The questionnaire was sent to member states on May 23, 1998 and a deadline of November 1, 1998 was set for replies. Later the Commission agreed to extend that period to April, May or June 1999, depending on the case, for countries that had not yet responded. As of this writing the following countries had sent in their replies: Venezuela, Colombia, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Brazil, Chile /1, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, and Dominica. The Commission also drafted a separate questionnaire for intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations that work in the field of migrant workers and their families. So far only the Mexican Academy of Human Rights has replied. Upon the invitation of the Government of the United States of America, the IACHR made a visit to California from June 6 to June 9 1998 in order to observe first hand immigration and asylum request procedures. During the trip information was gathered for the forthcoming report on migrant workers and their families. The IACHR delegation met with governmental bodies and non-governmental organizations representing civil society, and visited several ports of entry and detention centers. In the latter, interviews were conducted with detainees. In Los Angeles the IACHR delegation met with Mr. Richard K. Rogers, District Director of the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) of the U.S. Department of Justice, Mrs. Rosemary Melville, INS Assistant District Director, and other INS staff based in Los Angeles; Mr. Tom Graber, Director of the Los Angeles Airport; and Mr. Art Subia of INS field operations in Washington, D.C. The Commission also met with the following individuals working with the Office of the Governor of the State of California: Mr. John Duncan, Director of Industrial Relations, Mr. Jos� Mill�n, Director of Implementation of Labor Standards, and Mr. Mark Carleson of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). In San Diego the Commission met with Mrs. Adele Fasano, INS Assistant District Director; Mr. Kim Porter, assistant to the INS District Director; Mr. Peter Saldiana, assistant to the Port Director of San Ysidro; Mrs. Ralia Sarinetti, assistant to the Port Director of San Ysidro; Mrs. Sally Carrillo, assistant to the Port Director of Otay Mesa; Ms. Phyllis Yodz, Chief Customs Inspector, Otay Mesa; Mr. Kenneth Stitt, assistant to the Border Patrol Chief, Chula Vista; Mr. Mario Villareal, Border Patrol Supervising Officer, Chula Vista; Mr. Tom Wacker, Border Patrol Chief, El Centro; Mr. Ram�n T. Ortega, Assistant Border Patrol Chief, El Centro; Mr. H�ctor Najera Jr., Detainment and Deportation Supervisor, El Centro; Mr. T.S. Thorpe, Interim Port Director, Calexico; and other INS staff. In both Los Angeles and San Diego the delegation met with lawyers, human rights activists and representatives of NGOs, including the Center for Human Rights and Constitutional Law, the Coalition for Human & Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles (CHIRLA), the United Farm Workers (UFW), the California Rural Legal Assistance Foundation, the American Friends Service Committee, Health Services of North County, the California State University in San Diego, the School for Advanced Studies in Public Health and Behavioral Sciences, and the Immigrant Minors Study Project. The Commission delegation also visited several ports of entry and detention centers, including those at the Los Angeles Airport, Calexico, Chula Vista, Otay Mesa, San Ysidro and El Centro. Detainees were interviewed during these visits. In El Centro, the delegation spoke with several detainees who had undertaken a hunger strike to protest conditions there. When visiting these centers and ports of entry, the IACHR delegation also observed detention and transfer hearings, as well as normal immigration procedures and the procedures applied to individuals requesting asylum. While in California, the Commission gathered information related to the purpose of its visit. This included information on the mandate of the INS, the procedures that migrants and persons requesting asylum must go through, Port of Entry operations, Immigration Law procedures for accelerated transfer, conditions in detainment centers, access to lawyers and legal counsel, illicit traffic in migrants, alleged human rights violations against migrants, and the general conditions migrants face in the areas of education, work, medical care and housing. The delegation was composed of IACHR President Carlos Ayala Corao, Commissioner Jean Joseph Exum� and Special Rapporteur on Migrant Workers Commissioner Alvaro Tirado Mej�a. The Commission received technical assistance from Executive Secretary Jorge Taiana, Assistant Executive Secretary David Padilla, and staff lawyers Relinda Eddie and Pablo Saavedra. Ms. Tania Hern�ndez provided administrative support during the trip. During its visit to Peru and Guatemala, the Commission included the subject of migrant workers and their families on its agenda. In Peru Commissioner Alvaro Tirado, Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Speech, met with representatives of the International Migration Organization, which has its headquarters in that country. In Guatemala the IACHR delegation met with representatives of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). In April 1998 the Commission was invited to participate in a seminar on "Migrant Workers and Human Rights" organized by the Puebla Group and sponsored by the U.S. Department of State and the International Migration Organization. The IACHR was also invited to participate in a seminar on "Globalization and International Migration in Latin America and the Caribbean: Prospects for the 21st Century." On both occasions the Commission addressed the question of mechanisms to protect and promote the human rights of migrant workers and members of their families. In August 1998, Pablo Saavedra, a lawyer with the IACHR General Secretariat, visited the Latin American Migration Research Center (CIMAL) in Santiago, Chile. While there, he carried out research and collected relevant documents. Strengthening IACHR Efforts In order to ensure that the Working Group of the Office of the Special Rapporteur on Migrant Workers functions properly, the IACHR established a Voluntary Fund for Migrant Workers and Their Families. All member and permanent observer states may make contributions, as may multilateral international organizations, cooperation agencies, foundations and private bodies. For the purpose of advancing the drafting of a report on migrant workers and their families, the Commission decided to:
3. Report of the General Secretariat on the Activities of the UPD under the Second Summit of the Americas mandates "Strengthening of Regional and Municipal Administrations" I. Introduction Decentralization and the development of local government with the participation of civil society have gained increasing importance, as the States of the hemisphere strengthen and consolidate democratic governance. The Plan of Action of the Second Summit of the Americas held in Santiago, Chile in April 1998 contains a mandate on "Strengthening Municipal and Regional Administrations" which, in essence, calls for:
Decentralization and local government open up space for autonomous local development and service delivery, and for increased participation by civil society in public decision-making at the local level. In its mandate relating to "Civil Society," the Summit Plan of Action calls, inter alia for:
The Unit for the Promotion of Democracy (UPD), as the Unit within the General Secretariat of the OAS mandated to provide support to member states in consolidating their democratic systems and institutions, is contributing to OAS efforts in both of these areas of the Summit Plan of Action, through a "Program of Cooperation in Decentralization, Local Government and Citizen Participation." This Program is included in the Units Work Plan approved by the Permanent Council in CP/doc.2995/97 rev. 1. II. Preparatory Consultations The technical guidelines for this UPD Program of Cooperation were formulated at a regional seminar, held in Caracas, Venezuela on May 12-13, 1997 with support from the Governments of Bolivia and Venezuela. Government participants at this meeting on "Support to Processes of Decentralization, Local Government and Citizen Participation" agreed on broad guidelines for a program, which would be developed by participating countries, with the support of the UPD. It was considered that assisting governments to develop the policy framework for decentralization, strengthening local government and promotion of citizen participation is one vital way that OAS/UPD can effectively contribute to hemispheric efforts in these areas. The conclusions of a high level conference on "Governance, Democracy and Civil Society in the Caribbean Community," held in Barbados in September, 1997 also provide input into the Program of Cooperation. OAS/UPD was one of five agencies co-sponsoring that Conference. III. General Objectives Based on Summit mandates, the UPD Work Plan, the preparatory seminar and conference mentioned above, as well as ongoing consultations, the UPD Program of Cooperation in Decentralization, Local Government and Citizen Participation aims at:
IV. Organization The program is organized sub-regionally: CARICOM, Central America and the Dominican Republic, South America (States of the Andean Community and the Southern Cone). This facilitates information exchanges and creation and dissemination of specialized knowledge, as well as formation of subregional networks of technical and resource personnel working on these issues. V. Instruments Within the subregional frameworks, program objectives are achieved through:
Networks of experts formed under the Program are to be supported, inter alia, by a specialized Internet Website, incorporating documentation from the Programs meetings and other activities, links to other resource institutions, and dialogue. VI. Program Areas The following six basic program areas were targeted by the Caracas Seminar for analysis and cooperative action:
VII. Subregional Activities in 1998 a. CARICOM States The Program of Cooperation in the Caribbean was initiated with a subregional meeting for CARICOM member states in Kingston, Jamaica on June 8 and 9, 1998. Organized in collaboration with the Institute of Social and Economic Research of the University of the West Indies (Mona Campus), the meeting took the form of a Workshop for senior policy-makers to analyze the topic "Local Government, Communitarianism and the Citizen: Opportunities and Challenges." Some forty participants from twelve countries highlighted the following areas as subregional priorities for the Program of Cooperation:
b. Central America and the Dominican Republic San Rafael de Heredia, Costa Rica was the venue of the meeting for Central America and the Dominican Republic, held on July 23-24, 1998. Organized in collaboration with the Federation of Municipalities of the Central American Isthmus (FEMICA), the meeting brought together some sixty senior national policy makers, mayors and representatives of international agencies to analyze pilot experiences and cases of successful local public service delivery, based on the theme "New Public Management Models in the Framework of the Decentralization Process: Water, Education, and Rural Roads." This analysis was aimed at extracting lessons from these experiences which could be instructive for policy formulation for the transfer of responsibilities from the central to the local level. The meeting also examined ways to strengthen local governance for effective and efficient public service delivery. A special feature was a roundtable discussion with presidents of Social Investment Funds in the subregion, to examine the role of these funds in supporting local development and community participation. The meeting made specific requests for horizontal cooperation and follow-up by OAS/UPD and FEMICA to further examine policy-making for transfer of responsibilities from the central to the local level, incorporating citizen participation. c. Andean Community and Southern Cone A seminar on "Frameworks and Policies for Citizen Participation at the Municipal Level" was held in collaboration with the Government of Bolivia in Cochabamba, July 29-31, 1998. The meeting facilitated information exchange among some eighty senior policy-makers, academic and international agencies and other participants, on legal and regulatory framework for decentralization, as well as the status of citizen participation in local government in the twelve member states present. In a Declaration at the close of the meeting, participants called, inter alia, for a permanent forum for systematic study and exchange of experiences in citizen participation at the municipal level, including institutionalization of an annual meeting on this subject. The Government of Argentina offered to host the meeting of 1999. d. Other Activities In addition to the above major activities, UPD was among the co-sponsors of a CARICOM Workshop held in the Commonwealth of the Bahamas, September 28-29 1998, on "Effective Youth Participation in Civil Society." That meeting established the basis for continued collaboration with the CARICOM Secretariat on youth issues, particularly youth participation at the municipal and community levels, and youth leadership training. UPD also collaborated with the Tenth Latin American Congress of Municipal Legislators by commissioning one of the background discussion papers presented at that Congress, which took place in La Paz, Bolivia on December 2-5, 1998. VIII. Summary of Program Results in 1998 To date, the subregional meetings of the Program of Cooperation have: produced five background or research papers, and three final reports which are in publication; promoted subregional dialogue and information exchanges; defined subregional priorities for action within the Program of Cooperation; promoted collaborative relations with institutions in member states; and formed three sub-regional networks of officials and resource personnel. IX. Program Activities for 1999 The UPD is currently planning the 1999 activities of this Program of Cooperation, with the objective of deepening dialogue and examination of the areas identified by the 1998 meetings. Funds permitting, on an annual basis, the Program aims at featuring one experts meeting, one training activity and one research activity for each subregion. The programs Internet Website on the UPD Home page should be completed in the first quarter of 1999. Subregional meetings are currently being scheduled:
Also being planned are:
4. Report of the General Secretariat on Third Western Hemisphere Transportation Ministerial, held in New Orleans, December 14-16, 1998 The United States Department of Transportation hosted a Western Hemisphere Transportation Ministerial, December 14 to 16, 1998 in New Orleans, Louisiana, under the theme: Integrating Western Hemisphere Transportation. The three-day conference featured joint government-private industry discussion panels. Major themes for discussion included: integrating transportation institutions; transportation safety and its economic impact; transportation and trade (barriers and infrastructure); transportation technology. The Ministerial was guided by a central document on transportation systems in the hemisphere prepared by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. The document, "Profile of Regional Transportation Systems of the Americas" (available at http://www.summit-americas.org/Transport-perfil-spanish.htm, in Spanish only for the moment) offers a synthesis of the transportation systems in the Americas. Several noteworthy speeches were made during the Ministerial, including an address by US Transportation Secretary, Rodney E. Slater, made during the Opening Plenary Session; remarks by former White House Chief of Staff and Special Envoy for the Americas, Thomas "Mack" McLarty; and a speech by the Minister of Transportation and Telecommunications of Chile, Mr. Claudio Hohmann given during the Ministers' second roundtable discussion. The Ministers of Transportation issued a statement of solidarity (Memorandum of Consultations on Disaster Response Cooperation) with the nations of Central America and the Caribbean in light of the devastation caused by hurricanes Mitch and Georges. In addition, the Ministers adopted a Ministerial Declaration, which outlines eigth areas of cooperation and action (see table below), (the speeches and official documents are available at http://www.summit-americas.org/ hemisture.htm#b). The Western Hemisphere Transportation Initiative Executive Committee, established provisionally in 1996, was mandated to prepare terms of reference for the operation of this follow-up body, and to develop a two-year work program. The first post-ministerial meeting of the Executive Committee, will be hosted by the Government of Chile, in Santiago on April 23, 1999. At the Meeting of Experts held on the last day of the Ministerial, member states determined that the eight items in the Plan of Action of the New Orleans Declaration should be undertaken by the following countries or international organizations:
The ministers requested OAS participation in the development of a Disaster Response Plan under item #3 of the Plan of Action. Over the coming weeks, the General Secretariat will determine what expertise and resources it can bring to this endeavor. The OAS at the Ministerial: The OAS, participating principally as an observer as the institutional memory of the Summit Process, delivered some remarks to the ministers outlining the efforts it is making to implement the transportation mandate. Attending in representation of the General Secretariat was Mr. Christopher Hern�ndez-Roy of the Office of Summit Follow-Up; Mr. Carlos Gallegos, the Technical Secretary of the Inter-American Commission on Ports; and Ms. Sherry Stephenson, Principal Trade Specialist in the Trade Unit. The General Secretariat informed the ministers of three areas in which the Organization is pursuing projects in the transportation field. A description of these follows. The Secretariat informed about the December 3 and 4, 1998, meeting of international law experts, which discussed, among other items, ways to improve the 1989 Inter-American Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods by Road. The Secretariat reported on the OAS Unit for Sustainable Development and Environments projects on environmental concerns related to trade corridors and on the environmental management of road infrastructure construction and maintenance. The Secretariat reminded the participants that the OAS Special Commission on Inter-American Ports is the only hemispheric forum where port authorities of member states analyze strategies for port and harbor development, modernization and cooperation. In addition, the General Secretariat reminded the Ministers of Transportation that among the issues being negotiated within the FTAA process is a framework for the liberalization of trade in services. It was mentioned that governments will have to carefully define their national transportation interests and sketch out appropriate negotiating positions and strategies. Finally, the ministers were informed of the Summit home page (http://www.summit-americas.org or in Spanish at http://www.cumbre-americas.org), and were told of the General Secretariats desire to build an electronic information network for the Summit Implementation Review Group. Endnotes: . /1 Chile only answered part of the questionnaire. Summit Home | Summit Mandates | Summit Calendar | Search info. Entire contents � 1998 Organization of American States, Office of Summit Follow-Up
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